Informal Land Delivery System and Access to Land for Urban Agriculture in Ilorin, Nigeria

Authors

  • Ola Akeem Bayonle Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, (240222), Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
  • Raheem Wasiu Mayowa Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, (240222), Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24191/bioenv.v3i3.105

Keywords:

Urban agriculture , food security , informal land agents , formal land administration , access to land

Abstract

Most studies on land delivery systems have focused on the role of informal mechanisms in facilitating residential land access, while their influence on agricultural land delivery has received limited attention. This study examines the role of informal land agents in supporting urban agriculture in Ilorin, Nigeria. Using a cross-sectional survey design, primary data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to 73 randomly selected informal land agents and 303 urban farmers across the three Local Government Areas of Ilorin. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and inferential techniques, including the Respondents’ Agreement Index (RAI) and Pearson correlation analysis. Results revealed that most informal agents were male, aged between 20 and 39 years. Land was mainly acquired through direct contact with owners (72.6%), and location was the primary factor determining price (78.2%). Informal agents serve as key intermediaries in supplying land for urban agriculture, bridging gaps in the formal land administration system. A strong positive correlation was found between the existence of informal land delivery systems and access to agricultural land. The study recommends formal recognition of these agents and regular training on urban land use priorities.

Author Biography

Raheem Wasiu Mayowa, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, (240222), Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria

Senior Lecturer

Department of Urban and Regional Planning,

Faculty of Environmental Sciences,

University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.

References

Adegbemile, I. H. (2022). The influence of environmental factors on the informal land delivery process in Nigeria. International Journal of Sustainable Real Estate and Construction Economics, 2(2), 160-173. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSRECE.2022.127648

Agheyisi, J. E. (2020). Informal land delivery and tenure security institutions in Benin City, Nigeria. Urban Forum, 31, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12132-019-09365-5

Ajala, O. A. & Olayiwola, A. M. (2020). Urban crime in Ilorin, Nigeria: A spatio-temporal analysis. International Journal of Criminology and Sociological Theory, 13(1), 1-15.

Alabi, A. M., Lasisi, M. O. & Azeez, M. A. (2020). The evolution of informal land use in a Nigerian market. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, 47(5), 745-758. https://doi.org/10.1177/2399808318804546

Ayanshola, A., Olofintoye, O., & Obadofin, E. (2018). The impact of global warming on precipitation patterns in Ilorin and the hydrological balance of the Awun basin. Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering, 26(1), 40-46. https://doi.org/10.2478/sjce-2018-0006

Babaita, T. A. & Amin, A. (2024). Challenges of local government administration on socio-economic transformation in Ilorin West Local Government Area, Kwara State, Nigeria. Lapai International Journal of Administration, 7(1), 1-11.

Baye, F. (2025). Informal land market mechanisms for accessing and securing land for housing development: The case of peri-urban areas of Woldia Township, Ethiopia. Cogent Social Sciences, 11(1), 2482115. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2025.2482115

Encyclopedia Britannica (2019). Ilorin: Location, History, Facts and Population. Avalaible at https://www.britannica.com/place/Ilorin/ Accessed 5 March 2025.

Fajobi, T. A., Raheem, O. A., & Olajide, F. (2023). Food is inevitable but the land is mismanaged: exploring the impacts of local actors utilization of land resources on food security in Nigeria. GeoJournal, 88(1), 971-984. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-022-10670-z

FAO (2025). Latest food insecurity figures reveal persistent threats to the lives of 30.6 million people. Available at https://www.fao.org/nigeria/news/detail-events/en/c/1735060/ Accessed 5 March 2025.

Morakinyo, O. E., Abdulquadri, K., Ajibade, A. A., Taiwo, R. O., Oyeniyi, S. A. & Oyeniran, D. O. (2025). Interconnections of vulnerability, everyday hazards, and sustainable urban development: A case study of Ilorin, Nigeria. Journal of Urban Development and Management, 4(1), 47-57. https://doi.org/10.56578/judm040104

Neuman, W. L. (1994). Social research methods: Qualitative and quantitative approaches (2nd ed.). Boston, MA: Adyn and Bacon.

Nzeka, U. (2018). Nigeria grain and feed annual report 2018. Report prepared for USAID Foreign Agricultural Service, Global Agricultural Information Network. Washington, DC: USAID.

Ola, A. B. (2020). Building a food-resilient city through urban agriculture: The case of Ilorin, Nigeria. Town and Regional Planning, 77, 89-102. https://doi.org/10.18820/2415-0495/trp77i1.7

Olapade, D. T. & Aluko, B. T. (2023). Tenure insecurity in informal land delivery system of Lagos State, Nigeria: Causes and manifestations. Urban Forum, 34(1), 31–52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12132-022-09463-x

Oseni, Z. I. O. (2013). Ilorin: History, culture & lessons of peaceful co-existence. Centre for Ilorin Studies (CILS), University of Ilorin, Ilorin.

Roberts, A. A., Osadare, J. O., & Inem, V. A. (2019). Hunger in the midst of plenty: A survey of household food security among urban families in Lagos State, Nigeria. Journal of Public Health in Africa, 10(1), 885. https://doi.org/10.4081/jphia.2019.885

Siakilo, E. (2014). Characteristics and the state of land ownership in informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya. International Journal of Innovation and Scientific Research, 3, 218-226.

Statista (2024). Population of Nigeria between 1950 and 2024. Available at https://www.statista.com/statistics/1122838/population-of-nigeria/. Accessed 5 March 2025.

Statista (2025). Socioeconomic Indicators – Nigeria. Available at https://www.statista.com/outlook/co/socioeconomic-indicators/nigeria. Accessed 2 May 2025.

Thwaites, H. J., Hume, I. V. & Cavagnaro, T. R. (2025). The case for urban agriculture: Opportunities for sustainable development. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 110, 128861. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2025.128861

Urama, N. E., & Yuni, D. N. (2018). Evaluating food crop sector performance in Nigeria (1999-2016). AfriHeritage Working Paper 2018-002, African Heritage Institution, Enugu.

Wairimu, L. W. & Karanja, P. (2019). Influence of human resource information systems on performance of the banking industry in Kenya. The Strategic Journal of Business and Change Management, 3(4), 107-127. https://doi.org/10.61426/sjbcm.v3i4.312

World Atlas (2019). Where is Ilorin, Nigeria? Available at https://www.worldatlas.com/af/ng/kw/where-is-ilorin.html. Accessed 21 September 2025.

World Food Programme (2024). WFP calls for urgent life-saving support in Nigeria as 33 million people face food insecurity in 2025. Available at https://www.wfp.org/news/wfp-calls-urgent-life-saving-support-nigeria-33-million-people-face-food-insecurity-2025/. Accessed 5 March 2025.

Downloads

Published

2025-10-28

How to Cite

Bayonle, O. A. ., & Wasiu Mayowa, R. . (2025). Informal Land Delivery System and Access to Land for Urban Agriculture in Ilorin, Nigeria. Bioresources and Environment, 3(3), 107–121. https://doi.org/10.24191/bioenv.v3i3.105